ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to carry out a survey of the different studies that have been carried out in Cuba in terms of ecosystem services valuation. It is a path little traveled and on rise that requires the detection of its strengths and gaps as a guide to the execution of said investigations with de human capital that the country possesses. A total of 42 papers were compiled, including 14 scientific articles, 8 diploma theses, 15 doctoral theses and 5 master´s theses. The ecosystem services most evaluated were those of fibre and food supply, the regulation of climate, water, natural hazard and air quality and within cultural services, aesthetic values and recreation and ecotourism.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un levantamiento de los diferentes estudios que en materia de valoración de servicios ecosistémicos se han efectuado en Cuba. Es un camino poco transitado y en ascenso que requiere de la detección de sus fortalezas y sus principales vacíos como guía a la ejecución de tales investigaciones, con el capital humano que el país posee. Se compilaron un total de 42, de ellos 14 son artículos científicos, 8 tesis de diploma, 15 tesis de doctorado y 5 de maestría. Los servicios ecosistémicos más evaluados en los documentos fueron: los servicios de aprovisionamiento de fibra y alimentos, la regulación del clima, del agua, del peligro natural y de la calidad del aire, y dentro de los servicios culturales los valores estéticos y recreación y ecoturismo.

Abstract The “public policy for the full guarantee of the rights of LGBT people”and on gender identities and sexual orientations in the Capital District has been implemented for almost 12 years. After its formalization, it has been implemented during the four district administrations that have governed. During this period, it has materialized through programs that have had the general objective of “guaranteeing the full exercise of the rights of people from the LGBT sectors as part of the production, social management and collective well-being of the city” (Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); through four strategic processes: i) institutional strengthening at the district and local levels; ii) co-responsibility in the exercise of rights; iii) communication and education for cultural change; and iv) the production and application of knowledge (Acuerdo 371, 2009). This document analyzes the factors that led to its adoption in Bogotá, presents some of its main achievements, and offers recommendations for its strengthening. For the analysis, the application of the multiple currents approach is used as the main theoretical model. This approach focuses on understanding the political dynamics and processes that, at different levels and occurring independently and in parallel, have managed to come together at a specific moment (window of opportunity) to position politics as a viable institutional alternative based on the action of some political entrepreneurs (Zahariadis, 2010). In order to take stock of joint actions and to take into account how cultural and collective imaginaries about the community have affected their impact, the analysis is complemented by the framework of promoting coalitions (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) and the social construction framework and policy design (Ingram et al. 2010).

Resumen La “política pública para la garantía plena de los derechos de las personas LGBT” y sobre identidades de género y orientaciones sexuales en el Distrito Capital lleva casi 12 años en implementación. Después de su formalización, ha sido implementada durante las cuatro administraciones distritales que han gobernado desde entonces. Durante este periodo, se ha materializado a través de programas que han tenido por objetivo general “garantizar el ejercicio pleno de derechos de las personas de los sectores LGBT como parte de la producción, gestión social y bienestar colectivo de la ciudad”(Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); esto, por medio del desarrollo de cuatro procesos estratégicos: i) el fortalecimiento institucional en los niveles distritales y locales; ii) la corresponsabilidad en el ejercicio de derechos; iii) la comunicación y educación para el cambio cultural; y iv) la producción y aplicación de conocimientos y saberes (Acuerdo 371, 2009). Este documento analiza los factores que llevaron a su adopción en Bogotá, presenta algunos de sus principales logros y ofrece recomendaciones para su fortalecimiento. Para el análisis se recurre a la aplicación del enfoque de las corrientes múltiples como modelo teórico principal; este enfoque se concentra en entender las dinámicas y procesos políticos que, en distintos niveles y ocurriendo de manera independiente y paralela, han logrado confluir en un momento específico (ventana de oportunidad) para posicionar a la política como una alternativa institucional viable a partir de la acción de unos emprendedores de política (Zahariadis, 2010). Con el fin de hacer un balance sobre las acciones conjuntas y para tener en cuenta cómo los imaginarios culturales y colectivos sobre la comunidad han afectado su incidencia, el análisis se complementa con el marco de las coaliciones promotoras (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) y el marco de la construcción social y diseño de políticas (Ingram et al., 2010).

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors addressed the insufficient academic treatment offered to the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy. Therefore, it proposes a study on the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy during the first half of the 20th century, from a socio-historical, cultural and gender perspective. Various theoretical methods were used such as dialectical, historical-logical, ethnographic, as well as analysis and synthesis. Within the empirical methods, they apply the interview and the documentary analysis, in addition to the publicist sources of the investigated historical period, together with the oral sources. As a result, it shows the contribution of women from Pinar del Río to the teaching of music with solid contributions to didactics, from their work in the academies, in a context characterized by a rigid social organization, in which professionalism was seriously damaged by erroneous approaches. Of gender, by rejecting free female public expression, minimizing their training capacities and the knowledge they transmitted. Also damaged by the effects of Pinar del Río's function of economic, political and social subordination, as a historical region to the nearby capital of Havana. Therefore, to make visible the contributions made by Pinar del Río women in this sense, to contribute to dignifying their image in the field of artistic culture, education and pedagogy from Pinar del Río and Cuba, as well as to strengthen the identity and the local intangible cultural heritage and nationals.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se aborda el insuficiente tratamiento académico ofrecido a la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical. Por lo que proponen un estudio sobre la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, desde una perspectiva socio-histórica, cultural y de género. Fueron empleados diversos métodos teóricos como el dialéctico, el histórico-lógico, el etnográfico, así como el análisis y síntesis. Dentro de los métodos empíricos aplican la entrevista y el análisis documental, además de las fuentes publicistas del período histórico investigado, de conjunto con las fuentes orales. Como resultado muestran la contribución de la mujer pinareña a la enseñanza de la música con sólidos aportes a la didáctica, desde su quehacer en las academias, en un contexto caracterizado por una rígida organización social, en la que el profesionalismo estuvo seriamente dañado por erróneos enfoques de género, al rechazar la libre expresión pública femenina, minimizar sus capacidades formativas y el conocimiento que transmitían. Dañados también, por los efectos de la función de subordinación económica, política y social de Pinar del Río, como región histórica a la cercana capital habanera. Por lo que visibilizar los aportes realizados por las féminas pinareñas en este sentido, contribuye a dignificar su imagen en el campo de la cultura artística, la educación y la pedagogía pinareña y cubana, así como a fortalecer la identidad y el patrimonio cultural inmaterial local y nacional.

RESUMO Este artigo aborda o insuficiente tratamento acadêmico oferecido à participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical. Portanto, propõem um estudo sobre a participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical durante a primeira metade do século XX, a partir de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, cultural e de gênero. Foram utilizados diversos métodos teóricos como dialético, histórico-lógico, etnográfico, bem como análise e síntese. Dentro dos métodos empíricos são aplicadas entrevistas e análises documentais, além de fontes publicitárias do período histórico investigado, juntamente com fontes orais. Como resultado, mostram a contribuição das mulheres de Pinar del Río para o ensino da música com sólidas contribuições à didática, a partir de seu trabalho nas academias, em um contexto caracterizado por uma organização social rígida, em que o profissionalismo foi seriamente prejudicado por abordagens errôneas .de género, ao rejeitar a livre expressão pública feminina, minimizando as suas capacidades formativas e os conhecimentos que transmitem. Também prejudicada, pelos efeitos da função de subordinação económica, política e social de Pinar del Río, como região histórica à vizinha capital Havana. Portanto, tornar visíveis as contribuições das mulheres de Pinar del Río neste sentido, contribui para dignificar a sua imagem no campo da cultura artística, da educação e da pedagogia de Pinar del Río e de Cuba, bem como como fortalecer a identidade local e nacional e o património cultural imaterial.

The study examines the representation of Brazil as a country under reconstruction by analysing four newspaper front pages (Carta Capital and Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil). In the first moment, the front pages are related to the 2022 presidential elections and in the second moment to the inauguration of the new president in his third term, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. The article is in dialogue with a previous presentation held at the UFMG in 2018, which analysed covers of the same medium, which at the time contained representations of Brazil as a country of the Middle Ages after the 2016 coup that deposed President Dilma Rousseff. The covers contained figurative elements alluding to the Middle Ages and exceptional courts. The elements that now make the proposed reading possible are, on the one hand, the expression “Reconstruction of Brazil”, written in the edition of Le Monde on the occasion of the elections, and, on the other hand, the presentations of the elected president, accompanied by the expressions “The triumph of Lula”, “Lula, third act” and, finally, an image without verbal inscription showing the president in the arms of a crowd being led to the Palácio do Planalto.

El estudio realizado investiga cómo se representa Brasil como país en reconstrucción, a partir del análisis de cuatro portadas de los periódicos Carta Capital y Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil. En primer lugar, portadas relacionadas con las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 y, en segundo lugar, portadas relacionadas con la toma de posesión del nuevo presidente, en su tercer mandato, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. El artículo remite a una presentación anterior, de 2018, en la UFMG, cuando se analizaron dos portadas del mismo medio periodístico, con las que, en su momento, se analizó la forma en que Brasil era representado como país en la Edad Media, después del golpe. fue investigado en 2016, que destituyó a la presidenta Dilma Rousseff. Las portadas de la época contenían elementos figurativos alusivos a la Edad Media y cortes excepcionales. Los elementos que permiten ahora la lectura propuesta son, por un lado, la propia expresión “reconstruir Brasil” escrita en la edición de Le Monde, con motivo de las elecciones y, por otro, la forma en que el presidente electo se presenta, acompañada de las expresiones “triunfo de Lula”, “Lula, tercer acto” y finalmente una imagen sin inscripción verbal, pero que muestra al presidente en brazos de una multitud, siendo conducido al Palacio de Planalto.

O estudo realizado investiga como Brasil é representado como país em reconstrução, a partir de uma análise de quatro capas dos periódicos Carta Capital e Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil. Num primeiro momento, capas relacionadas às eleições presidenciais de 2022 e, num segundo momento, capas relacionadas à posse do novo presidente, em seu terceiro mandato, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. O artigo conversa com uma apresentação anterior, de 2018, na UFMG, ocasião em que foram analisadas duas capas dos mesmos meios jornalísticos, com as quais, à época, foi investigada a maneira como Brasil era representado como país na Idade Média, após o golpe de 2016, que destituiu a presidente Dilma Rousseff. As capas de então continham elementos figurativos alusivos à Idade Média e a tribunais de exceção. Os elementos que possibilitam a leitura proposta agora são, por um lado, a própria expressão “reconstruir o Brasil” escrita na edição do Le Monde, por ocasião das eleições e, por outro lado, a maneira como o presidente eleito é apresentado, acompanhado das expressões “O triunfo de Lula”, “Lula, terceiro ato” e por fim uma imagem sem inscrição verbal, mas que mostra o presidente nos braços de uma multidão, sendo conduzido ao Palácio do Planalto.

Abstract This article presents archaeology where it intersects with ethnography (ethnographic archaeology) as a possibility for listening to the many voices that manifest themselves during an excavation. I refer to these voices as multivocalities, and they are one of the means I use to investigate people’s perceptions of an excavation of a historical archaeological site. The backdrop for these discussions was an urban archaeology project in the district of Campina, in the immediate surroundings of the unique landmarks of Pará’s capital, Belém. Set amid this historical center, this text suggests that archaeological research can greatly benefit from the participation of citizens who enjoy the city and even become a tool for information, whether these people work directly together with archaeologists or visit the excavations. One conclusion is that through participation, archaeological and cultural heritage loses some of its ‘mystery’ and becomes easier for people to recognise and, in turn, perhaps preserve.

Resumo Neste artigo, a Arqueologia e a sua interface com a Etnografia – Arqueologia Etnográfica – são apresentadas como possibilidades de ouvir as muitas vozes que se manifestam durante uma escavação – a estas vozes, chamarei de multivocalidades, e as usarei como um dos meios para investigar as percepções das pessoas sobre a escavação de um sítio histórico. O cenário para as discussões aqui propostas foi um projeto de Arqueologia Urbana executado no bairro da Campina, no arrabalde imediato de cartões postais singulares da capital paraense. O objetivo do texto é, tendo como paisagem o Centro Histórico de Belém, argumentar que a pesquisa arqueológica muito se beneficia e serve ainda como instrumento de informação sobre a participação das cidadãs e dos cidadãos que fruem pela cidade, sejam as pessoas que trabalham diretamente junto com o arqueólogo, sejam aquelas que têm a oportunidade de visitar as escavações. Uma das conclusões é a de que o patrimônio cultural arqueológico perde um pouco de seu ‘mistério’, tornando-se mais fácil para as pessoas reconhecê-lo e, por isso, talvez preservá-lo.

The alienation of labour is both classical and contemporary. In its classical form, it speaks to the potential dehumanisation of workers in capitalist societies. In its contemporary form, it manifests itself in the disenfranchisement of the individual because of changes in organised global workplaces. Over the years, Africa's labour transition from traditional spirituality to contemporary organised global workplaces has fuelled new forms of public labour alienation. Civil servants, in some African countries, experience labour alienation reminiscent of work under capitalism. This is in contradiction to the pre-colonial and traditional view of work as a vocation. Zimbabwe is undergoing negative economic, social, and political growth that has resulted in the alienation of civil servants. The government reneges on its public role of providing space for individual growth and well-being in preference for 'public capitalism' and cultural alienation. The potential for an effective public service lies in changing the work culture. CONTRIBUTION: This article interrogates the impacts of the work culture within the public service in Zimbabwe in an attempt to proffer a return to the African traditional spirituality of work that was founded on the principles of ubuntu. It recognises the traditional symbiotic relationship between being and doing among the indigenous African communities as the panacea for the continent's human capital development.

Resumen El actual auge de nuevos grupos de derecha con una particular combinación de liberalismo económico intransigente y fascismo nacionalista conservador, una especie de liberfascismo, aboga tanto por una estricta apología del mercado capitalista como por la exclusión de aquello que desafíe su modelo en los ámbitos político y cultural. Partiendo del discurso populista que explota el descontento causado por la democracia neoliberal, ganan adeptos y adeptas por razones nacionalistas, culturales y racistas que en el fondo no son más que enredos de la derecha para proteger el gobierno del capital. Ante la restauración de un modelo neoliberal ya agotado, aparece una interseccionalidad entre la izquierda y la derecha que, lejos de confirmar el diagnóstico del fin de las ideologías y la desactivación de la lucha de clases, reaviva los conflictos por el capital. Sobre tal situación versa este artículo. Se argumenta cómo la interseccionalidad no es un privilegio de la izquierda, también es usada por la extrema derecha populista para canalizar el descontento y propagar su particular marca de opresión. Se concluye, con base en ejemplos de las luchas en América Latina y Europa, que se debe desarrollar una política interseccional y transversal frente a la hegemonía de la nueva derecha populista y nacionalista; la táctica política no debe ser local, sino que debe perseguir una nueva estrategia internacional.

Abstract The current rise of new right-wing groups with a particular combination of intransigent economic liberalism and conservative nationalist fascism, a kind of liberfascism, advocates for both a strict apology for the capitalist market and the exclusion of anything that challenges its model in the political and cultural spheres. Based on the populist discourse that exploits the discontent caused by neoliberal democracy, they gain followers for nationalist, cultural, and racist reasons that in the end are nothing more than right-wing deception to protect the rule of capital. Faced with the restoration of an already exhausted neoliberal model, an intersectionality appears between the Left and the Right which, far from confirming the diagnosis of the end of ideologies and the deactivation of the class struggle, rekindles conflicts over capital. This article deals with such a situation. It argues how intersectionality is not a privilege of the Left, but is also used by the extreme populist Right to channel discontent and propagate its particular brand of oppression. It is concluded, based on examples of struggles in Latin America and Europe, that an intersectional and transversal politics must be developed in the face of the hegemony of the new populist and nationalist Right; the political tactic must not be local, but must pursue a new international strategy.

The promises of upward mobility and social transformation are intertwined with the story of higher education in South Africa. In the years leading up to and in sync with the democratic moment of 1994, multiple selection programmes and academic development projects engaged with questions of potential (e.g., Yeld 2007; Miller 1992) particularly in relation to the inequalities of apartheid schooling and implications for higher education. While access and success have been widened in the decades since, and participation rates are more demographically representative, #FMF and #RMF challenged the myth of meritocracy. In a disillusioning political present, higher education resembles a giant pyramid scheme in which the investment of many delivers results for only a "lucky" few, particularly the higher up the ladder one ascends (Bradbury 2022). This prioritisation of the privileged continues despite official labour surveys demonstrating that each step along the higher education degree path increases individual employment prospects and contributes to socioeconomic productivity. The fowhen we say access, we are not simply thinkingcus of this article is on funding for postgraduate students who represent the intellectual future both within the academy and beyond, developing high level skills for the knowledge economy to solve the "wicked problems" of the 21st century. Inherited funding models reward individual excellence, treating students as isolated individuals, falsely assuming supportive middle class family networks and conceiving of study years as a temporal sequestration from communal responsibilities and projected future working life. In reality, the borders between home and campus, between studies and work, between (extended) childhood and adulthood, are far more porous. These funding models are unsustainable, irrational and unethical, and premised on "cruel optimism" (Berlant 2011) rather than the promise of radical forms of hope. The article presents some pragmatic possibilities for reimagining funding for postgraduate studies in South Africa in the present. It is however imperative that these responses attend to both the past and the future to create conditions of "freedom in security" (Manganyi 1973) in which individual and collective potential can be actualised for a more equal future.

The evolution of tertiary education financing models in Sub-Saharan Africa reflects a complex interplay between cultural, political, and economic forces. The transition, especially of universities, from vibrant centres of debate to subdued institutions under authoritarian regimes, coupled with the advent of market-driven economic reforms, has redefined universities' role in Africa's society. This article while not seeking to explore how these historical shifts have shaped the current landscape of tertiary education financing and its implications for the region, it does not forget them in considering the recent frameworks for higher education finance, especially in Kenya. It concludes that in Kenya's case the evidence seems to support the argument that "free" provision alone might not inherently lead to expanded access and equitable outcomes. However, implementing a functional income-contingent contribution or "graduate tax" system is complex and relies heavily on a well-organised formalised market. In the case of Kenya, the presence of a large informal employment sector and growing graduate unemployment poses challenges in accurately capturing income and enforcing such a tax system as a mechanism for financing expanded tertiary education system. SubSaharan Sub Saharan cultural political forces transition universities regimes marketdriven market driven reforms Africas s society region finance Kenya Kenyas free "free outcomes However incomecontingent contingent wellorganised well organised

This study aims to address the void left by earlier researchers by establishing how full-time doctoral students' views can be employed to improve doctoral studies. By employing habitus, field, social and cultural capital, and agency as a theoretical framework for this article, open-ended questions in a qualitative study were designed and executed purposively among sampled doctoral candidates at two faculties of education in South African universities. This approach was hinged on the thought that what PhD candidates were going through was vital when thinking of improving PhD supervision. Out of this study, PhD students point to some of their experiences as the starting point for possible supervision improvement. The study findings reveal that if academic leadership at the faculty level is actively involved in this process at the strategy formulation level, the experiences of students can change for the better. This can be done through the introduction and establishment of seminars, small and large group engagements, and the widening of social capital. Widening of social capital will ensure that both PhD supervisors and PhD students share productive supervision experiences while buttressing multidirectional relationships between supervisors, students and their peers aimed at improving completion rates and the doctoral journey. fulltime full time studies habitus field article openended open ended universities improvement better seminars engagements journey

In the above title "vernacular" suggests opposite geographic origins and setting than those ascribed "town". It is now generally accepted that the term "vernacular" is an applicable and appropriate way to cluster and organise a certain cultural phenomenon (architecture) and is used for both farm and urban architecture: "vernacular farm architecture" and "vernacular urban architecture". This paper will focus on the changes in the vernacular farm architecture in the Vredefort Dome area (near the present towns of Parys, Vredefort and Potchefstroom), that reflect cultural development processes associated with the history of settlement in the southern African rural areas from 1850 to 1950. For many years, the Vredefort Dome was known as a prestigious area of settlement. Extensive numbers of game attracted hunter-gatherer groups, pre-colonial Bantu-speaking groups and more recently, European pioneers entering the area from around 1836. From 1845, European pioneer farm occupation livestock and agricultural development expanded exponentially until recent times. After 1850, the farmers and settlers (European pioneers) on the southern and northern sides of the Vaal River erected more permanent buildings and structures (including rondavels and rectangular dwellings), constructed with stone and, more commonly, clay. The landowner became both the architect and builder, selecting the most affordable ways to construct structures. Consequently, stone walls, sod walls, rammed-earth walls, walls of raw or sundried bricks, and walls ofburnt andfired bricks are characteristic of the different vernacular building traditions. By 1889, with the influx of miners and capital to the Vredefort and Potchefstroom diggings, a period of temporary economic prosperity ensued. Economics in the area evolved during this period through a combination of agriculture-based activities and mining-based activities. Gold and diamond mining stimulated the regional economy and played a significant role in the establishment and development of towns. This growth was reflected in the presence of typical late nineteenth century vernacular farm architecture, in particular the introduction of galvanised (corrugated) iron roofs. On the farms, two broad, generic architectural traditions existed: "designed" architecture formal structures), and rural, vernacular "architecture" (structures erected without the assistance of professional architects), typically constructed with building materials obtained from the immediate environment. The availability of corrugated iron can be considered the most notable technological development in the vernacular architecture of the nineteenth century. Thatched roofs on rectangular dwellings were replaced with Victorian-style corrugated iron roofs. The "corrugated-iron style" became the "new-vernacular" architecture, and with the addition of verandas, veranda-room houses became a distinguishing characteristic of the period. During thefirst three decades of the twentieth century, poverty and an economic depression had a negative impact on the building environment and therefore on the building of homes. In the Dome area, there were few, if any, wealthy residents who could employ the services of an architect for the design of their private homes. Consequently, the houses were simple and "old-fashioned", resulting in the birth of sub-branches of vernacular building traditions that already existed. The process of change affecting homes after the Second World War (1939-1945) can be seen in the area. The improvement of technology related to running water and sanitation, and the presence of electricity, made life more comfortable and had a notable effect on patterns of internal space utilisation. Some household activities moved from the outside of the home to the inside. Consequently, time and energy were saved, since water was no longer fetched from a water source, and the distance between the service points shortened considerably. The fitting ofpipes to provide water to the service spaces in the house (kitchen and bathroom) caused a change in the interior layout of the farmhouse and a change to lifestyles. Floor plans of urban dwellings were replicated, and the "patchwork" architectural tradition (additions and extensions added to the original pioneer core) became common. Household water consumption, the presence and location of the kitchen and the bathroom and the fitting ofpipes for running water related to the prosperity of each household and differed from farm to farm. It is notable that these changes did not occur among the homes of the labourers, probably as their accommodation was considered temporary. The Vredefort Dome was listed as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site in 2005. It is the oldest and largest known meteorite impact structure on earth, about 120 km southwest from Johannesburg, and represents a unique geological phenomenon formed about 2 023 million years ago. The Vredefort dome area also contains other well-preserved and outstanding cultural phenomena such as San rock art, Late Stone Age and Late Iron Age sites - including objects, the floor and wall remains of Sotho-Tswana hut structures, animal kraals and smelting-furnaces. The historic sites contain the remains of abandoned homesteads, outbuildings and other structures such as cattle kraals, water furrows, irrigated gardens, the orchards and graveyards of immigrant farmers.

Volksboukuns in die Vredefortkoepel (naby die huidige Parys, en Potchefstroom) kan beskou word as 'n kultuurhistoriese ontwikkelingsproses wat met die vestigingsgeskiedenis tussen 1850 en 1950 geassosieer word. Die Vaalrivieromgewing in die Vredefortkoepel was 'n gesogte vestigingsterrein vir opeenvolgende golwe van nedersetters en het aanvanklik groot wildstapels, jagter-versamelaars, pre-koloniale Bantoesprekendes, en ná 1836 boere en nedersetters (pioniers) getrek. Vanaf 1838 het pioniersvestiging, plaasbesetting, 'n landboustadium en ook 'n era van landbou-mynbou gevolg. Goud- en diamantmynbedrywighede gedurende die laat-negentiende eeu het die ekonomie van die omgewing gestimuleer, 'n beduidende rol in dorpstigting gespeel, en ook die volksboukuns met die gebruik van die sinkplaatdak beïnvloed. Die gegewe landskap beskik ook oor goedbewaarde en besonderse kultuurprodukte soos Sotho-Tswana klipmuurstrukture en verlate woonstrukture, veekrale, en smeltoonde en pioniersvestigings met huise, buitegeboue en ander strukture soos veekrale, ou watervore en besproeiingstuine, boorde en begraafplase. Die Vredefortkoepel, waar die grootste en oudste meteoriet impak op aarde gevind word, is sedert 2005 'n gelyste UNESCO wêrelderfenisterrein.

Abstract In this article, we analyze the nets of power that allowed the inscription of the archaeological site Cais do Valongo as a World Heritage Site. Through documents, fieldwork, and specialized literature, we highlight three scenarios: the incorporation of black activists into public administration in the late 1970s, the international legitimacy of Afro-Brazilian agendas by Unesco’s Slave Route project and the increase to the tourism industry during the urban operation Porto Maravilha at the beginning of the 21st century. We argue that the territorialization of the memories of slavery was driven by a business management of cultural identities, in which technical methods and procedures were imposed as a model of political action. In this way, we conclude that the Afro-Brazilian identity discourse was integrated into the new dynamics of capital accumulation and cultural commodification, with the meanings and practices around the wharf aggregating the logic of the duty of memory and competition regulation.

Resumo Neste artigo, analisamos os feixes de poder que possibilitaram a inscrição do sítio arqueológico Cais do Valongo como patrimônio mundial. Através de documentos, trabalho de campo e literatura especializada, destacamos três cenários: a incorporação de ativistas dos movimentos negros à administração pública no final dos anos 1970, a legitimação internacional das agendas afro-brasileiras pelo projeto A Rota do Escravo da Unesco e o incremento à indústria turística durante a operação urbana Porto Maravilha no início do século XXI. Argumentamos que a territorialização das memórias da escravidão foi impulsionada por uma gestão empresarial das identidades culturais, em que métodos e procedimentos técnicos se impuseram como modelo de ação política. Desse modo, concluímos que o discurso da identidade afro-brasileira se integrou às novas dinâmicas de acumulação do capital e de mercantilização cultural, com os sentidos e práticas em torno do cais agregando as lógicas do dever de memória e da regulação concorrencial.

Abstract Few empirical works have jointly addressed Bourdieu’s arguments on habitus, cultural capital, and social reproduction through education. Based on a survey applied to more than 1.200 students from universities and careers traditionally associated with the economic, political, and cultural elites in Chile, this article analyzes their cultural tastes and practices to assess the validity and applicability of Bourdieu’s theses in this context. Employing both Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Latent Class Analysis, this paper identifies seven response profiles regarding the cultural taste, consumption and practices of students attending elite universities and careers. While some profiles follow the patterns of highbrow and lowbrow culture, others reveal more heterogeneous tastes and practices, questioning both omnivores and traditional Bourdieusians perspectives. Additionally, the results show that, while social class and school of origin are not related with these cultural profiles, gender, university, and career do. This leads to reevaluate the relative importance of familiar factors and the strong socializing role of elite educational contexts for cultural tastes and practices.

Resumen Pocos trabajos empíricos han abordado de forma simultánea los postulados de Bourdieu sobre habitus, capital cultural y reproducción social a través de la educación. A través de una encuesta a más de 1.200 estudiantes de universidades y carreras tradicionalmente asociadas a las élites económicas, políticas y culturales en Chile, este artículo analiza sus gustos y prácticas culturales para evaluar la vigencia y aplicación de las tesis de Bourdieu. Empleando Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple y Análisis de Clases Latentes, se identifican siete perfiles de respuesta respecto de los gustos, consumo y prácticas culturales de las y los participantes. Mientras algunos obedecen la lógica de baja y alta cultura, otros exhiben gustos y prácticas más heterogéneos, poniendo en tensión tanto las tesis onmivoristas como la visión bourdieusiana clásica. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que mientras la clase social y el colegio de procedencia no se relacionan mayormente con estos perfiles, el género y la carrera/universidad a la que asisten sí son variables relacionadas, lo que permite reevaluar el peso de los factores familiares en interacción con el fuerte rol socializador de los entornos educativos de élite en los gustos y prácticas culturales.

Resumen: el presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio de una serie de crónicas de viajes hacia los pueblos del interior en escritores capitalinos —Caparrós, Uhart, Sánchez, Cristoff, Carrión, Guerriero y Moreno— alrededor de la década del 2000 en Argentina. Propongo pensar que este traslado reactiva la potencia del relato de viaje haciendo del espacio rural una cantera de reflexiones en torno a los imaginarios de nación y sus discursos fallidos de modernización. En este sentido, se procura “lo pueblerino” dentro del sistema literario en diálogo con el momento de crisis cultural que lo enmarca, en tanto espacialidad poco transitada por las propias escrituras cronísticas como así también por los abordajes críticos en la región. El artículo concluye registrando un acercamiento singular de estas crónicas al testimonio, mediante la inusitada apelación a la estrategia de la escucha dentro de la escritura y al acceso y apertura de “archivos domésticos”.

Abstract: the aim of this article is to study a series of travel chronicles to inland towns in capital writers —Caparrós, Uhart, Sánchez, Cristoff, Carrión, Guerriero and Moreno— around the 2000s in Argentina. I propose to think that this transfer reactivates the potency of the travel narrative by making the rural space a quarry of reflections on the imaginaries of the nation and its failed discourses of modernization. In this sense, “the small-town” [lo pueblerino] is sought within the literary system in dialogue with the moment of cultural crisis that frames it, as a spatiality little traveled by the chronicle writings themselves as well as by the critical approaches in the region. The article concludes by recording a singular approach of these chronicles to testimony, through the unusual appeal to the strategy of listening within writing and the access and opening of “domestic archives”.